Intramolecular Polarization–Mediated Solvation and Interphase Engineering for Low–Temperature High–Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries

Intramolecular polarisation is used to reshape the Li⁺ solvation shell so that desolvation stays facile at low temperature, while the derived interphase keeps an NCM811 cathode structurally intact under high-voltage operation. The cell operates at −30 °C and up to 4.9 V.